Words Related to Cooking Verbs -DAILY NIHONGO-

ใ€ๅˆ‡ใ‚‹๏ผˆใใ‚‹๏ผ‰ใ€‘โ€KIRUโ€

Meaning: 

to cut

Usage: 

ใ€Œใƒˆใƒžใƒˆใ‚’ๅˆ‡ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซใ€ไบบๅ‚ใ‚’ๅˆ‡ใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ€
๏ผˆใจใพใจใ‚’ใใ‚‹ใพใˆใซใ€ใซใ‚“ใ˜ใ‚“ใ‚’ใใฃใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚๏ผ‰
(Tomato o kiru mae ni, nin-jin o kitte-kudasai.)
โ€Before you cut the tomatoes, please cut the carrots.โ€

  • The verbs change depending on how the food is cut, so here are some examples.
    • to slice: ่–„ๅˆ‡ใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ (ใ†ใ™ใŽใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ / usu-giri suru)
    • to chop: ๅˆปใ‚€ (ใใ–ใ‚€ / kizamu) or ใฟใ˜ใ‚“ๅˆ‡ใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ (ใฟใ˜ใ‚“ใŽใ‚Šใ™ใ‚‹ / mijin-giri suru)
    • to dice: ใ•ใ„ใฎ็›ฎๅˆ‡ใ‚Šใซใ™ใ‚‹ (ใ•ใ„ใฎใ‚ใŽใ‚Šใซใ™ใ‚‹ / sai-no-me-giri ni suru)
    • to peel: (็šฎใ‚’)ใ‚€ใ ([ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚’]ใ‚€ใ / [kawa o] muku)
  • The kitchen knife is called ใ€ŒๅŒ…ไธ (ใปใ†ใกใ‚‡ใ† / hลchล)ใ€.

Glossary:

  • ใƒˆใƒžใƒˆ๏ผˆใจใพใจ๏ผ‰: tomato
  • ๅˆ‡ใ‚‹๏ผˆใใ‚‹๏ผ‰: to cut
  • ๏ฝžใ™ใ‚‹ๅ‰ใซ๏ผˆใ™ใ‚‹ใพใˆใซ๏ผ‰: before you do […]
  • ไบบๅ‚๏ผˆใซใ‚“ใ˜ใ‚“๏ผ‰:  carrot
  • ๏ฝžใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„: please do […]

ใ€ใ‚€ใใ€‘โ€MUKUโ€

Meaning:

to peel

Usage:

ใ€Œๅ’Œ้ฃŸใฎๆ–™็†ไบบใฏใ€ๅคงๆ นใฎ็šฎใ‚’ใ‚€ใใฎใŒไธŠๆ‰‹ใ„ใ€‚ใ€
๏ผˆใ‚ใ—ใ‚‡ใใฎใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ†ใ‚Šใซใ‚“ใฏใ€ใ ใ„ใ“ใ‚“ใฎใ‹ใ‚ใ‚’ใ‚€ใใฎใŒใ†ใพใ„ใ€‚๏ผ‰
(Washoku no ryลri-nin wa, daikon no kawa o muku noga umai.)
โ€œJapanese cooks are very good at peeling daikon (“radish” in Japanese).โ€

  • The Japanese words for tools used to peel fruits and vegetables are as follows.
    • kitchen knife: ๅŒ…ไธ (ใปใ†ใกใ‚‡ใ† / hลchล)
    • peeler: ใƒ”ใƒผใƒฉใƒผ (ใดใƒผใ‚‰ใƒผ / pฤซrฤ) or ็šฎใ‚€ใๅ™จ (ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚€ใใ / kawamuki-ki)
    • fruit knife: ใƒ•ใƒซใƒผใƒ„ใƒŠใ‚คใƒ• (ใตใ‚‹ใƒผใคใชใ„ใต / furลซtsu naifu) or ใƒšใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒŠใ‚คใƒ• (ใบใฆใƒใชใ„ใต / peti naifu)
  • Which of the two types of peeler shown in the photo below is more common in your country? In Japan, the type below is the most common. You don’t see many of the stick-type peelers above in Japan.

Glossary:

  • ๅ’Œ้ฃŸ๏ผˆใ‚ใ—ใ‚‡ใ๏ผ‰: Japanese cuisine
  • ๆ–™็†๏ผˆใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ†ใ‚Š๏ผ‰: cooking
  • ๆ–™็†ไบบ๏ผˆใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ†ใ‚Šใซใ‚“๏ผ‰: cook, chef *This expression is often used to refer to Japanese chefs.
  • ๅคงๆ น๏ผˆใ ใ„ใ“ใ‚“๏ผ‰: large white radish
  • ็šฎ๏ผˆใ‹ใ‚๏ผ‰: rind, peel
  • ๏ฝžใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒไธŠๆ‰‹ใ„๏ผˆใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒใ†ใพใ„๏ผ‰: to be good at doing […]

ใ€ๆททใœใ‚‹๏ผˆใพใœใ‚‹๏ผ‰ใ€‘โ€MAZERUโ€

Meaning:

to mix/stir

Usage:

ใ€Œใƒ‰ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚ทใƒณใ‚ฐใซๅฐ‘ใ—ใ ใ‘ใ‚ใ•ใณใ‚’ๆททใœใ‚‹ใจ็พŽๅ‘ณใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
๏ผˆใฉใ‚Œใฃใ—ใ‚“ใใซใ™ใ“ใ—ใ ใ‘ใ‚ใ•ใณใ‚’ใพใœใ‚‹ใจใŠใ„ใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚๏ผ‰
(Doresshingu ni sukoshi dake wasabi o mazeruto, oishฤซ desu.)
โ€œIt tastes great if you mix a little bit of wasabi into the dressing.โ€

  • Both โ€œmixโ€ and โ€œstirโ€ are ใ€Œๆททใœใ‚‹ (ใพใœใ‚‹ / mazeru)ใ€ in Japanese, but โ€œstirโ€ is often said as ใ€Œใ‹ใๆททใœใ‚‹ (ใ‹ใใพใœใ‚‹ / kakimazeru)ใ€.
  • My wasabi dressing recipe is to mix olive oil, soy sauce, lemon juice (or vinegar), and a little wasabi at the end. I adjust the mixture on hot days by adding more lemon juice for a refreshing taste, or a little more olive oil and soy sauce for salads with chicken breast.

Glossary:

  • ใƒ‰ใƒฌใƒƒใ‚ทใƒณใ‚ฐ๏ผˆใฉใ‚Œใฃใ—ใ‚“ใ๏ผ‰: dressing
  • ๅฐ‘ใ—๏ผˆใ™ใ“ใ—๏ผ‰: a little
  • ๏ฝžใ ใ‘: only, just
  • ๅฐ‘ใ—ใ ใ‘๏ผˆใ™ใ“ใ—ใ ใ‘๏ผ‰: only a little bit
  • ใ‚ใ•ใณ: wasabi
  • ๆททใœใ‚‹๏ผˆใพใœใ‚‹๏ผ‰: to mix, stir
  • ๏ฝžใ™ใ‚‹ใจ: if you do […]
  • ็พŽๅ‘ณใ—ใ„๏ผˆใŠใ„ใ—ใ„๏ผ‰: delicious, tasty 

ใ€็„ผใ๏ผˆใ‚„ใ๏ผ‰ใ€‘โ€YAKUโ€

Meaning:

to grill/roast/bake

Usage:

ใ€Œๆ—ฅๆœฌใฎใ‚ฌใ‚นใ‚ณใƒณใƒญใซใฏใŠ้ญšใ‚’็„ผใใŸใ‚ใฎใ‚ฐใƒชใƒซใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚ใ€
๏ผˆใซใปใ‚“ใฎใŒใ™ใ“ใ‚“ใ‚ใซใฏใŠใ•ใ‹ใชใ‚’ใ‚„ใใŸใ‚ใฎใใ‚Šใ‚‹ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ€‚๏ผ‰
(Nihon no gasu-konro niwa osakana o yaku-tame no guriru ga aru.)
โ€œJapanese gas stoves have a grill for grilling fish.โ€

  • ใ€Œ็„ผใ (ใ‚„ใ / yaku)ใ€ is a verb meaning to cook with heat, which corresponds to grill, roast, bake, etc. in English. It can be used to cook meat, vegetables, and fish. It can also be used to bake bread, cakes, cookies, etc., in the oven. (It cannot be used to heat food in the microwave. We say ใ€Œๆธฉใ‚ใ‚‹ (ใ‚ใŸใŸใ‚ใ‚‹ / atatameru / โ€œto heatโ€)ใ€, instead.)
  • Almost all Japanese gas stoves have a built-in grill dedicated just to grilling fish. My Ghanaian and Austrian friends were amazed when they cooked at my house.

Glossary:

  • ๆ—ฅๆœฌ๏ผˆใซใปใ‚“๏ผ‰: Japan
  • ใ‚ฌใ‚นใ‚ณใƒณใƒญ๏ผˆใŒใ™ใ“ใ‚“ใ‚๏ผ‰: gas stove
  • ใŠ้ญš๏ผˆใŠใ•ใ‹ใช๏ผ‰: fish *ใ€ŒใŠใ€is a prefix to make it sound polite. Itโ€™s fine to say without it.
  • ็„ผใ๏ผˆใ‚„ใ๏ผ‰: to grill, roast, bake
  • ๏ฝžใ™ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚: for doing [..]
  • ใ‚ฐใƒชใƒซ๏ผˆใใ‚Šใ‚‹๏ผ‰: grill

ใ€็…ฎใ‚‹๏ผˆใซใ‚‹๏ผ‰ใ€‘โ€NIRUโ€

Meaning:

to simmer/boil

Usage:

ใ€Œๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใฆ็…ฎใ‚‹ใจใ€ใŠ่‚‰ใฎไธญใพใงๅ‘ณใŒใคใ„ใฆใŠใ„ใ—ใใชใ‚‹ใ€‚ใ€
๏ผˆใ˜ใ‹ใ‚“ใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใฆใซใ‚‹ใจใ€ใŠใซใใฎใชใ‹ใพใงใ‚ใ˜ใŒใคใ„ใฆใŠใ„ใ—ใใชใ‚‹ใ€‚๏ผ‰
(Jikan o kakete niru-to, oniku no naka made aji ga tsuite oishiku-naru.)
โ€œThe longer you simmer it, the more seasoned and delicious the meat will be.โ€

  • ใ€Œ็…ฎใ‚‹ (ใซใ‚‹ / niru)ใ€ is used when you simmer the food to get the flavor into the food. But when you boil it just to heat it up (without seasoning it), you say ใ€Œ่Œนใงใ‚‹ (ใ‚†ใงใ‚‹ / yuderu)ใ€.
    • For example, Pot-au-feu and chicken noodle soup are simmered so that the ingredients are well seasoned and the vegetables become tender. So, ใ€Œ็…ฎใ‚‹ (ใซใ‚‹ / niru)ใ€ is perfect for these foods.
    • On the other hand, boiling spaghetti noodles or boiling potatoes to make mashed potatoes is just to heat them up. For these, the verb ใ€Œ่Œนใงใ‚‹ (ใ‚†ใงใ‚‹ / yuderu)ใ€ is perfect.

Glossary:

  • ๆ™‚้–“๏ผˆใ˜ใ‹ใ‚“๏ผ‰: time
  • ๆ™‚้–“ใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใ‚‹๏ผˆใ˜ใ‹ใ‚“ใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใ‚‹๏ผ‰: to take time, to do […] for long time
  • ็…ฎใ‚‹๏ผˆใซใ‚‹๏ผ‰: to simmer, boil
  • ใŠ่‚‰๏ผˆใŠใซใ๏ผ‰: meat *ใ€ŒใŠใ€is prefix to make it polite.
  • ๏ฝžใฎไธญ๏ผˆใฎใชใ‹๏ผ‰: inside of […]
  • ๏ฝžใพใง: until, till, to
  • ๅ‘ณ๏ผˆใ‚ใ˜๏ผ‰: taste, flavor
  • ๅ‘ณใŒใคใ๏ผˆใ‚ใ˜ใŒใคใ๏ผ‰: to be flavored, to be seasoned
  • ใŠใ„ใ—ใ„: tasty, delicious
  • ๏ฝžใ—ใใชใ‚‹: to become […]* *Adjective

ใ€ๆšใ’ใ‚‹๏ผˆใ‚ใ’ใ‚‹๏ผ‰ใ€‘โ€AGERUโ€

Meaning:

to deep fry

Usage:

ใ€Œใ‚ขใ‚คใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒชใƒผใƒ ใ‚’ๅคฉใทใ‚‰ใซใ—ใฆๆšใ’ใ‚‹ใŠๅบ—ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€
๏ผˆใ‚ใ„ใ™ใใ‚Šใƒผใ‚€ใ‚’ใฆใ‚“ใทใ‚‰ใซใ—ใฆใ‚ใ’ใ‚‹ใŠใฟใ›ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚๏ผ‰
(Aisu-curฤซmu o ten-pura ni shite ageru omise ga arimasu.)
โ€œThere are some restaurants that deep fry ice cream as tempura.โ€

  • Some of the dishes that use the verbใ€Œๆšใ’ใ‚‹ (ใ‚ใ’ใ‚‹ / ageru)ใ€ to fry include the following:
    • ๅคฉใทใ‚‰ (ใฆใ‚“ใทใ‚‰ / ten-pura) : tempura
    • ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ‚ใ’ (kara-age) : fried chicken
    • ใจใ‚“ใ‹ใค (ton-katsu) : pork cutlet
    • ๏ผˆใƒ•ใƒฉใ‚คใƒ‰๏ผ‰ใƒใƒ†ใƒˆ ([ใตใ‚‰ใ„ใฉ]ใฝใฆใจ / [furaido] poteto) : french fries
    • ใ‚จใƒ“ใƒ•ใƒฉใ‚ค (ใˆใณใตใ‚‰ใ„ / ebi-furai) : deep-fried shrimp
    • ใ‚ขใ‚ธใƒ•ใƒฉใ‚ค (ใ‚ใ˜ใตใ‚‰ใ„ / aji-furai) : deep-fried horse mackerel
    • ใ‚ณใƒญใƒƒใ‚ฑ (ใ“ใ‚ใฃใ‘ / korokke) : Japanese croquette (deep-fried bread-crumbed mashed potatoes)

Glossary:

  • ใ‚ขใ‚คใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒชใƒผใƒ ๏ผˆใ‚ใ„ใ™ใใ‚Šใƒผใ‚€๏ผ‰: ice cream
  • ๅคฉใทใ‚‰๏ผˆใฆใ‚“ใทใ‚‰๏ผ‰: tempura (deep-fried foods in a light batterโ€‹)
  • ๏ฝžใซใ™ใ‚‹: make it […], make it as […]
  • ๆšใ’ใ‚‹๏ผˆใ‚ใ’ใ‚‹๏ผ‰: to deep fry
  • ใŠๅบ—๏ผˆใŠใฟใ›๏ผ‰: shop, store *ใ€ŒใŠใ€is prefix to make it polite.
  • ๏ฝžใŒใ‚ใ‚‹: there is (are)

ใ€็‚’ใ‚ใ‚‹๏ผˆใ„ใŸใ‚ใ‚‹๏ผ‰ใ€‘โ€ITAMERUโ€

Meaning:

to stir-fry

Usage:

ใ€Œ้‡Ž่œ็‚’ใ‚ใฏ้‡Ž่œใ‚’ๅˆ‡ใฃใฆ็‚’ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใฎ็ฐกๅ˜ใชๆ–™็†ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€
๏ผˆใ‚„ใ•ใ„ใ„ใŸใ‚ใฏใ‚„ใ•ใ„ใ‚’ใใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ‚ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใฎใ‹ใ‚“ใŸใ‚“ใชใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ†ใ‚Šใงใ™ใ€‚๏ผ‰
(Yasai-itame wa yasai o kitte itameru dake no kantan-na ryลri desu.)
โ€œVegetable stir-fry is a simple dish of cutting and stir-frying vegetables.โ€

  • ใ€Œ็‚’ใ‚ใ‚‹ (ใ„ใŸใ‚ใ‚‹ / itameru)ใ€means to stir fry. ใ€Œ้‡Ž่œ็‚’ใ‚ (ใ‚„ใ•ใ„ใ„ใŸใ‚ / yasai-itame / โ€œvegetable stir-fryโ€)ใ€ is a representative of Japanese home cooking. There are no fixed ingredients, just stir-fry the vegetables and meat you have at home with oil, and season with salt and pepper and soy sauce.. 

Glossary:

  • ้‡Ž่œ๏ผˆใ‚„ใ•ใ„๏ผ‰: vegetable
  • ้‡Ž่œ็‚’ใ‚๏ผˆใ‚„ใ•ใ„ใ„ใŸใ‚๏ผ‰: vegetable stir-fry
  • ๅˆ‡ใ‚‹๏ผˆใใ‚‹๏ผ‰: to cut
  • ็‚’ใ‚ใ‚‹๏ผˆใ„ใŸใ‚ใ‚‹๏ผ‰: to stir-fry
  • ๏ฝžใ ใ‘: just […], only […]
  • ็ฐกๅ˜๏ผˆใ‹ใ‚“ใŸใ‚“๏ผ‰: easy, simple 
  • ๆ–™็†๏ผˆใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ†ใ‚Š๏ผ‰: cooking, cuisine, meal, dish