【金(きん)】”KIN”
Meaning:
gold
Usage:
「女子サッカー、金メダルを取ってほしいなぁ。」
(じょしさっかー、きんめだるをとってほしいなぁ。)
(Joshi-sakkā, kin-medaru o tottehoshīnā.)
”I wish the women’s soccer team would win the gold medal.”
- 「女子 (じょし / joshi)」in its literal meaning, means female children. It is not usually used for adult females, but it is used to describe the gender of a sports event, regardless of age.
- For men, it is called 「男子 (だんし / danshi)」. Like 「女子 (じょし / joshi)」, this one can be used regardless of age when it comes to sports.
- 「~してほしい (shitehoshī)」is used when you want someone to do something.
- For example, if you want your friend to buy you a cup of coffee, you can say
「コーヒーを買ってきてほしい (こーひーをかってきてほしい / Kōhī o kattekite-hoshī)」 - If you say 「コーヒーを買ってきてほしいなぁ (こーひーをかってきてほしいなぁ / Kōhī o kattekite-hoshīnā)」as in the usage example, you are asking a little indirectly.
- If you want to ask someone if they will buy you a cup of coffee, you can say:
「コーヒーを買ってきてくれる? (こーひーをかってきてくれる / Kōhī o kattekite-kureru)」
- For example, if you want your friend to buy you a cup of coffee, you can say
Glossary:
- 女子(じょし): female children, women
- サッカー(さっかー): soccer
- 金(きん): gold
- メダル(めだる): medal
- 取る(とる): to take
- ~してほしい: to want someone to do […]
- ~なぁ: *It is a sentence ending particle. In this case, it’s a word that expresses a desire or expectation that you want someone to do something.
【銀(ぎん)】”GIN”
Meaning:
silver
Usage:
「日本語で雪景色のことを『銀世界』と言うよ。」
(にほんごでゆきげしきのことを「ぎんせかい」というよ。)
(Nihongo de yuki-geshiki no koto o “Gin-sekai” to iuyo.)
“We call a snowy landscape ‘Gin-sekai” (silver world) in Japanese.”
- 「銀 (ぎん / gin)」 generally means silver, but only when it is read as 「しろがね (shirogane)」, it means platinum. That’s why the white, glittering, snowy landscape is called 「銀世界 (ぎんせかい / gin-sekai)」.
(Don’t worry. In everyday life, 「銀 [ぎん / gin]」 always means silver. You don’t need to remember the other meaning. Platinum, by the way, is called 「プラチナ [ぷらちな / purachina]」).
Glossary:
- 日本語(にほんご): Japanese (language)
- 雪(ゆき): snow
- 景色(景色): scenary
- 雪景色(ゆきげしき): snowy landscape
- 銀(ぎん): silver
- 世界(せかい): world
- 銀世界(ぎんせかい): snowy landscape
- ~と言う(という): we/they call […]
【銅(どう)】”DŌ”
Meaning:
copper, bronze (medal)
Usage:
「銅は小学校5年生で習う漢字です。」
(「どう」はしょうがっこうごねんせいでならうかんじです。)
(“Dō” wa shōgakkō gonensei de narau kanji desu.)
“「銅」 is a kanji learned in the fifth grade of elementary school.”
- 「銅 (どう / dō)」 is originally a word for copper, not for bronze. Bronze is called 「青銅 (せいどう / seidō)」in Japanese. However, bronze medals and statues are almost always referred to as 「銅メダル (どうめだる / dō-medaru)」or 「銅像 (どうぞう / dōzō)」, not 「青銅メダル (せいどうめだる / seidō-medaru)」nor 「青銅像 (せいどうぞう / seidōzō).
- Education in Japan is a 6-3-3-4 system. Students generally attend elementary school for six years (ages 6 to 12), junior high school for three years (ages 12 to 15), high school for three years (ages 15 to 18), and university for four years.
Glossary:
- 銅(どう): copper, bronze (medal)
- 小学校(しょうがっこう): elementary school
- ~年生(ねんせい): […]th grader (student)
- 習う(ならう): to learn
- 漢字(かんじ): Kanji
【表彰台(ひょうしょうだい)】”HYŌSHŌDAI”
Meaning:
victory stand, (winner’s) podium
Usage:
「表彰台にのぼることを目標に今日まで頑張ってきました。」
(ひょうしょうだいにのぼることをもくひょうにきょうまでがんばってきました。)
(Hyōshōdai ni noboru-koto o mokuhyō ni kyō made gambatte-kimashita.)
“I’ve been working hard until today with the goal of standing on the winner’s podium.”
- The collocations of 「表彰台 (ひょうしょうだい / hyōshōdai)」are 「のぼる (noboru)」 and 「あがる (agaru)」, when you say “to stand on the winner’s podium”.
- 「目標 (もくひょう) 」 is a commonly used word. If you come to Japan to study, you will probably have many opportunities to use it.
- 「私の目標はN2に合格することです。」
(わたしのもくひょうはえぬつーにごうかくすることです。)
(watashino mokuhyō wa enu-tsū ni gōkaku suru koto desu.)
“My goal is to pass N2.” - 「今月の目標は日本語の本を5冊読むことです。」
(こんげつのもくひょうはにほんごのほんをごさつよむことです。)
(Kon-getsu no mokuhyō wa nihongo no hon o go-satsu yomukoto desu.)
“(My) goal for this month is to read five Japanese books.”
- 「私の目標はN2に合格することです。」
Glossary:
- 表彰台(ひょうしょうだい): victory stand, (winner’s) podium
- のぼる: to go up, to climb
- ~こと: […]ing, to […] *When this is put after a verb, it turns the verb into a noun.
- 目標(もくひょう): goal, target, object
- 今日(きょう): today
- ~まで: until […], till […]
- 頑張る(がんばる): to work hard, to do one’s best
- ~してきた: to have been […]ing
【メダル(めだる)】”MEDARU”
Meaning:
medal
Usage:
「この種目ではメダルが期待できます。」
(このしゅもくではめだるがきたいできます。)
(Kono shumoku dewa medaru ga kitai dekimasu.)
“We can expect a medal in this event.”
- When you would like to say “to win a medal”, you can say 「メダルを取る (めだるをとる / medaru o toru)」or 「メダルを獲得する (めだるをかくとくする / medaru o kakutoku suru)」.
Glossary:
- この~: this […]
- 種目(しゅもく): item, event (of sports)
- メダル(めだる): medal
- 期待(きたい): expectation, hope
- 期待する(きたいする): to expect
- ~できる: to be able to do […], can […]
【五輪(ごりん)】”GORIN”
Meaning:
Olympics
Usage:
「東京五輪の開催には賛否両論ありました。」
(とうきょうごりんのかいさいにはさんぴりょうろんありました。)
(Tōkyō-gorin no kaisai niwa sanpi-ryōron arimashita.)
“There were both pros and cons to holding the Tokyo Olympics.”
- 「五輪(ごりん / gorin)」literally means “five rings”. In Japanese, the Olympics are called like this. (Well, most people call it 「オリンピック (おりんぴっく / orinpikku)」 now, but some elderly people and news reporters still use it.)
- 「賛否両論 (さんぴりょうろん / sanpi-ryōron)」is the word used when the ratio of pros and cons is roughly 50-50.
Glossary:
- 東京(とうきょう): natto (fermented soybeans)
- 五輪(ごりん): Olympics
- 開催(かいさい): holding, hosting
- 賛否(さんぴ): pros and cons
- 賛否両論(さんぴりょうろん): both pros and cons
- ある: there is […], there are […]
【選手(せんしゅ)】”SENSHU”
Meaning:
player, athlete
Usage:
「選手村はオリンピック終了後、リフォームしてマンションとして売り出される。」
(せんしゅむらはおりんぴっくしゅうりょうご、りふぉーむしてまんしょんとしてうりだされる。)
(Senshu-mura wa orinpikku shūryō-go, rifōmu shite manshon to shite uridasareru.)
“The athletes’ village will be renovated and sold as apartments after the Olympics.”
- Have you ever heard of 「和製英語 (わせいえいご / wasei-eigo)」(“Japanese-English”)? Directly translated, it means English that was born in Japan. In Japan, we import foreign words and use them as they are (loanwords), or sometimes we use them with a completely different meaning. Words that sound like English but are only understood in Japan are called「和製英語 (わせいえいご / wasei-eigo)」.
- 「マンション (まんしょん / manshon)」 is another typical example of Japanese-English. In English, a mansion (マンション) refers to a large and imposing house, but in Japanese, it refers to an apartment or flat.
- 「リフォーム (りふぉーむ / rifōmu)」 is another example of Japanese-English. This word is used when you want to say that you are renovating your house.
Glossary:
- 選手(せんしゅ): player, athlete
- 選手村(せんしゅむら): athletes’ village
- オリンピック(おりんぴっく): Olympics
- 終了(しゅうりょう): end, termination
- ~後(ご): after […]
- リフォーム(りふぉーむ): renovation, remodelling
- マンション(まんしょん): apartment
- 売り出す(うりだす): to begin selling, to put on sale